| Author |
Garratt, Peter |
| Year |
2010 |
| Publisher |
Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson UP |
| Number of pages |
244 |
| ISBN |
9780838642665 |
| Keywords |
|
Abstract
Amazon (2013):
Empiricism, one of Raymond William's keywords, circulates in much contemporary thought
and criticism solely as a term of censure, a synonym for spurious objectivity or positivism.
Yet rarely, if ever, has it had this philosophical implication. Dr Johnson, it should
be recalled, kicked the stone precisely to expose empiricism's baroque falsifications
of common sense. In an effort to restore historical depth to the term, this book examines
epistemology in the narrative prose of five writers, John Ruskin, Alexander Bain,
G. H. Lewes, Herbert Spencer, and George Eliot, developing the view that the flourishing
of nineteenth-century scientific culture occurred at a time when empiricism itself
was critically dismantling any such naive representationalism. Dr. Garratt argues
that by the 1860s empiricism was both a dominant cultural language and a reflexive
epistemic theory, producing a model of contingent self hood conceived simultaneously
as the route towards knowledge and its obstacle. For this reason, Victorian empiricism
predicated its search for knowledge on a profound instability, one embodied within
the textual language through which it sought its articulation. By examining familiar
works, such as Ruskin's Modern Painters and George Eliot's fiction, alongside the
voluminous psychological and philosophical prose of Bain, Lewes, and Spencer, he illustrates,
using detailed examples, how the imperatives of empiricist thought shaped the aesthetic
of realism, as well as nineteenth-century views towards perception, human embodiment,
and relativism. In all cases, their works give shape to empiricism's skeptical impulse.
In Ruskin, for example, the narrative journey into knowledge is one of haphazard progress
and fraught autobiographical engagement; in Bain's psychology it forms a story of
precarious accumulation; in Lewes and Spencer, sprawling form expresses the proliferating
potential of knowledge itself.
